This is my first image of Messier 90. It is not yet as good as I would like it to be. Which is due to bad weather preventing further imaging. As the moon is already too bright, I will have to postpone further imaging at least to the next new-moon phase. Nevertheless, this image shows already a beautiful spiral galaxy with its companion.
Image data: Date: 2021-04-15 – 2021-04-16 Location: Graz, Austria Telescope: 10″ f/5 Newtonian with GPU corrector (1250mm focal length) Camera: QHY183M @ -20C Filters: Optolong RGB + Baader UV-IR-Cut Guiding: MGEN-II with off-axis guider Exposures: UV-IR-Cut: 45x120s, Gain 0, Offset 15 R 30x120s, G 25x120s, B 23x120s, Gain 10, Offset 15
During the last years I frequently ran into trouble with the stock Sony batteries. Neither of the camera – battery combinations I had, were capable of imaging more than approximately 4 to 5 hours (some cameras drained their batteries within less than 2 hours). So I tried to determine the optimum means of powering a Sony camera for several hours without the need to change batteries. Here is, what I came up with:
Option 1: Batteries with increased capacity Several after market companies offer compatible batteries with increased capacity. These batteries are also offered at more than competitive price tags. In my experience, most of these batteries do not provide the capacity as imprinted. There are units, which significantly exceed the stock batteries. But you may also get a battery, which is outperformed by the stock battery – even though it is offered at twice the capacity. If you are lucky and you have a well performing battery, you may extend the time in operation by 10%-50%.
Pro
Con
– economic price – up to 50% longer operation – no external units required
– does not last a whole night – capacity labelling may be misleading
Option 2: USB power supply Several – and at least the new models – have a USB port, which is capable of powering the camera during usage. This is a great way to have your camera last for hours. This is also a truly economic way, as you simply plug a USB power bank to the camera. Be aware, that you may need a special splitter cable, to simultaneously run a trigger and the USB power supply through the Multi-Port connector! See here, how such a cable may look like: Combined charger and trigger cable for Sony mirrorless cameras like A6400 But to my experience with a Sony A6400, the USB port is not capable of providing sufficient power in heavy use situations. When I had the camera shoot 3000-7000 images in 1 second intervals, I ended up with a (almost) drained battery. So the camera was constantly discharging and charging the battery. The discharge rate was higher than the charging rate. This caused the camera to significantly heat up – which is highly discouraged in astrophotography! Further more, at least the battery is set under unneccessary stress.
Pro
Con
– really cheap – may last the whole night – may be “hot plugged”
– camera may heat up – special cable may be required – battery stress
Option 3: Vertical Grip The majority of the higher end and high end cameras may be equipped with a vertical grip unit. The vertical grip units are typically fitted to the battery slot instead of the battery. To power the camera, the vertical grip incorporates a tray for 2 battereries. This doubles the capacity possible. But depending on the camera, if you keep the remote trigger port constantly in focus / pre-fire mode, the camera may not switch to the second battery. So you may end up with a camera in power-safe mode and an exhausted battery as well as a fully charged one… Further more, you have to keep in mind, that the vertical grip units are quite heavy (adding a couple 100g in weight). This may be an issue to your setup!
Pro
Con
– no external components – easy to handle
– vertical grips are not quite cheap – battery capacity only doubled – higher weight
Option 4: External power supply Some Sony cameras have a power in connector. This is a proprietary connector, which was already in use back in the Konica/Minolta aera. The connector is flat, with both poles on the opposite sides. On one side, there is a small bar, to prevent reverse plugging. So, technically, no big deal. Unfortunately the connectors are not available individually. But nowadays, you get really cheap power supplies with matching connectors online. If you are a DIY person: it is really easy to build or use such a connector; Simply provide 7.2V from a mains supply, step converter or lithium batteries ;-). To my experience, in-camera batteries are disconnected from the camera, when you plug in the external supply. So, if you plug or unplug the external supply, the camera restarts. If you leave the plug in the camera and cut the supply voltage, the camera is not operable (due to disconnected battery)
Pro
Con
– easy to handle – easy to build yourself – cheap – perfect for studio / fixed setup
– designed for mains connection – does not charge in-camera batteries – disconnects in-camera battery (no backup, if mains fails)
Option 5: Battery dummy Dummy batteries are a great sollution for long lasting scenarios. You replace the camera battery with a plastic dummy, which has a DC plug. You simply provide 7.2-8V from any means of power supply you have. This may be a mains adapter, USB power bank with step-up adapter, a 12V car socket with step-down adapter or a lithium battery pack with 2 batteries in series. There are even some dummy batteries with included USB to 7.2V converter. But they may lack the power neccessary to drive the camera (some cameras are specified with 7.2V 2A input, which is way above the typical extended USB power scheme of 5V 2.1A. As there are so many ways to provide the power needed, it is a very versatile option. But you have to be careful in selecting the right dummy. Some dummy units do not lock perfectly in the battery slot. So the dummy may fall out of the camera, or it disconnects. Some may have very stiff cables, which pose a lot of stress to the battery compartment lid (which is a true pain to replace!) Hints: – You may never want to charge the dummy battery! This may pose a high risk of damage! – provide a well stabilized, battery-like voltage for best performance – if the dummy disconnects or is not supplied, the camera is off immediately
Pro
Con
– versatile – quite cheap – may last several hours to days
– may disconnect – not every dummy is well made
Summary Depending on the situation, I choose any of these options – or even stick to replacing the batteries frequently. But my personal favorite for long lasting sessions is Option 5 in combination with a 2S 2P or 3P lithium pack (2 or 3 parallel, 2 in series). This power pack provides 7,4V straight off (no converter needed) with far more than 4 times the capacity of the stock battery. Up until now, I never ran into drained batteries, even under -10C conditions after 10 hours shooting.
This is the third and dimmest galaxy of the Leo Triplet. The other two galaxies M65 and M66 are quite close, but did not fit in the image. They seem to be not only close in our view. The three galaxies might interact in gravitational forces.
The dust band in front of the edge on view of the galaxy render it a very interesting and beautiful deep sky target.
Image data: Date: 2021-04-04 – 2021-04-08 Location: Graz, Austria Telescope: 10″ f/5 Newtonian with GPU corrector (1250mm focal length) Camera: QHY183M @ -20C Filters: Optolong RGB + Baader UV-IR-Cut Guiding: MGEN-II with off-axis guider Exposures: UV-IR-Cut: 60x120s, Gain 0, Offset 15 R, G, B: 30x120s, Gain 10, Offset 15
M104 is one of the deep sky objects, I could capture during the past week of clear nights. M104 is a rather difficult target for my balcony imaging, as it stays quite low. So the influence of the air movements cauesed by the city, I am looking over, is significantly increasing stars and reducing detail in the galaxy. Apart from detail level – this 4 hours worth of imaging goes deep enough to clearly show at least 4 small and faint galaxies around M104. The faintest being at 17.9mag.
Image data: Date: 2021-04-04 – 2021-04-08 Location: Graz, Austria Telescope: 10″ f/5 Newtonian with GPU corrector (1250mm focal length) Camera: QHY183M @ -20C Filters: Optolong RGB + Baader UV-IR-Cut Guiding: MGEN-II with off-axis guider Exposures: UV-IR-Cut: 58x120s, Gain 0, Offset 15 R, G, B: 20x120s, Gain 10, Offset 15
After several months struggle with my 10 inch Newtonian telescope, I got all configured properly. Camera, Auto-Guider, APT, etc. are well tuned to produce nice and round stars, even in several minutes long exposures. I am unable to view or image the whole sky from my balcony setup. I may only point to an area within 80 to 220 degrees azimuth (south-east to west-south-west) and an altitude from 12 degrees to at most 70 degrees. In several occasions, this is truly a very limited view, when objects are only visible for short periods. But still, my view is facing south. So over the course of one year, the majority of the well known deep sky objects are passing by. And for the rest of the sky, I will find opportunities to drive an hour to one of my mountain observing spots with Bortle 3-4 skies 🙂 Living on the northern edge of a city with a south-facing view is by far not a good combination for astronomy or astro-photography. Fortunately, the city I live in, is not too large. Therefore, my average night (if the sky is free from clouds), provides a Bortle 5-6 sky (most of the time 19.3 to 19.5 magnitues per square arc second). Visually, I have a hard time enjoying anything apart from the brightest objects. But imaging delivers really pleasing results. During the last weeks of testing and imaging, I grew the idea to create my own Messier Object images catalog, where almost all images are recorded from this one location, with all its drawbacks. By pursuing this project, I want to show, that astronomy as well as astro-photography are still possible, even though light pollution gives us a hard time…
When 3D printer filament is exposed to normal ambient humidity, the material gets brittle and hard – if not impossible – to print. Depending on the filament and ambient humidity, it may take several hours to days, until an effect may be noticed. To avoid – or at least extend the time – until printing get’s affected, filament should be stored in dry conditions.
One proposed way is, to re-pack the filament as soon as printing has finished. This method may be adequate for occasional printer habits. But still, after several uses, the filament shows negative influence caused by humidity.
A far more practical way (in my opinion) is, to install the filament in a dry-box, from which the printer is fed the material without unpacking. Therefore, an air-tight container, sufficiently large enough, is required. There are some types of dry-boxes commercially available. Some have included heating, to even better keep the filament in optimum conditions. But most of them bare a rather steep price tag (70-100 EUR).
So, why not build one yourself? Even better, if it costs less than 20 EUR? Thanks to IKEA, one of the recent additions to their kitchen supplies is the 10.6L 365+ food container. The container is air-tight, which is perfect for a dry-box. This container is large enough to fit 2x 1kg spools of filament. And the best part is, it costs 8 EUR at the time of writing.
To create a perfect dry-box, a few 3D printed parts as well as a short piece of 40mm water pipe complete the construction. The connection to the printer is established by a PTFE tube, which is fixed in a PC4-6 quick lock. To ensure a long lasting performance of my filament, I toss in 3-4 bags of silica gel (or silica based cat litter granulate) with 200-300g in total. Now, I may leave my filament installed for weeks without any issues.
During refurbishing my office, I ditched the cupboard, where I had my 3D printer set up with some dust protection. The dust protection was a simple transparent table foil. It was sufficient enough to have the printer running. But it was by no means a proper enclosure. Temperature changes as well as air currents could still influence prints. Now, I wanted to enclose my printer properly. First off, I thought of constructing something entirely from scratch. But upon searching through web pages and blogs, I found several enclosures incorporating IKEA LACK tables. The LACK tables are really cheap and fit almost perfectly the size of my Prusa i3 clone printer.
Upon the next opportunity, I stopped by IKEA and a hardware store to purchase all parts required: 2x IKEA LACK table 3x 50x55cm HDF furniture backing (5mm HDF wood with one side in white foil coating) 1x 45x35cm plywood board, 10-14mm (to mount power supply and Raspberry-Pi) 1x 50x50cm acrylic sheet (4mm strength) 2x hinges 1x door knob 1x magnetic furniture lock
further parts from electronics store or internet order: 2x 50cm LED strips 1x 80mm fan plus cover 2x PC4-6 quicklock tube fixtures 200cm PTFE tube with 2mm inside diameter 1x Mains power connector with switch and fuse 1x RJ45 network connector 1x 12V to USB power adapter with 4A
3D printed parts: 4x IKEA LACK table – leg extender 2x printer mount 1x PC4-6 mounting bracket for print-head 1x case for 12V to USB power adapter 1x mounting brackets for Raspberry-Pi 6x LED strip mounting brackets 1x Web-Cam mount
Construction:
Cut the legs to length My enclosure needs to be 50cm in height, inside. The IKEA LACK table legs are 40cm in height. therefore another 10cm legs are required. Use a wood saw to cut 4 legs. As they are hollow, this is done in a moment. The other 4 legs are left as they are. Hint: the legs have 2 layers of wood on the pre-drilled end. The other end has no second layer.
Drill holes to the 40cm legs lower end Mark the center of the legs and drill a 4mm hole to each of them.
Drill holes to one of the tables top part You may drill through the already existing holes, or mark the position on the top side, where the legs will be mounted
Prepare sides Use a medium grid sanding paper to chamfer the edges of the HDF sheets, so they fit perfectly.
Prepare connectors and electronics The left side is enforced with the plywood board, so that connectors and electronics may be mounted properly. Mark the position of the plywood board, so that it fits between the 2 legs. Screw-mount the board with at least 6 screws. Drill (or cut) a hole for the 80mm fan at the rear top position. Don’t forget the 4 mounting holes! Then, mark the positions of power and network connectors. Drill and file the holes to size. When the holes fit, mount the connectors. Next, mount power supply, power adapter and Raspberry. Pay attention to not have your printer collide with one of the parts!
Add PC4-6 connector On the left side pane, I have the material feed through on the upper front part. Here, the PTFE tube may flex freely, when the print head moves
Build the LACK tables
Attach LED strips to the upper LACK table
Place 3D printer on lower part
Stack the second LACK table with leg extenders on top of the other
Screw mount the left side You may pre-drill 2-3mm holes for the screws, if you like. But the material is soft enough to go without.
Connect all cables to printer, power supply, LED, …
Attach web-cam mount to rear side The web cam is best placed approximately 10cm from top
Screw mount rear and right side
Prepare door Center the hinges on either left or right front leg. Mark required holes to leg as well as acrylic sheet. Mark door knob position on acrylic sheet and opposite leg. Drill holes in acrylic sheet with sharp drill bit and low pressure.
The past months I had trouble with my 10 inch scope. I was not able to image with nice round stars. So i kept imaging with my smaller refractor, as stars were rendered round. After some investigation and chat with fellow astronomy club members, I could nail down the cause of the elongated and triangular stars: the auto-guider as well as a too short settle time after dithering were messing up. So, to achieve the round stars everyone is after, I had to increase the settle time after dithering (otherwise, I got double-images due to the offset) as well as the guiding parameters in MGEN. My settings for off-axis guiding on 1250mm focal length are: Threshold: 0.1, Aggressivness: 100% in RA and 80% in DEC and 2×2 binning.
The first test target was M48 with 50% aggressiveness. Stars were not yet fine. The second target was M65 together with M66. Stars are fine!
Image data: Date: 2021-03-31 Location: Graz, Austria Telescope: 10″ f/5 Newtonian with GPU corrector (1250mm focal length) Camera: QHY183M @ -20C Filters: Optolong RGB Guiding: MGEN-II with off-axis guider Exposures: M48: 83x10s L, 46x20s R, 30x20s G, 30x20s B M65+M66: 48x60s L, 39x60s R, 32x60s G, 20x60s B
It is amazing what modern cameras are capable of! Intreagued by learning how to improve the quality of deep sky astro photography, I stumbled upon Dr. Robin Glovers talk and essay on picking the correct exposure settings. Dr. Robin Glover is the creator of SharpCap, which is one of the best recording tools for planetary imaging. A head full with new wisdom, I tested for myself, how true the statements according image aquisition were. Therefore I selected the core of M42 – around the trapezium – to set all parameters to. Using my 10″ f/5 newtonian telescope, I could set only a mind buggling 2 second exposure length, before saturating the 4 stars. I expected to gain a little bit of nebulosity, as the area around the trapezium is really bright. But what I could gain in post processing the 300 individual exposures is simply fantastic! Compare the 2 images attached – the nearly black one is one of the individual frames used to create the colorful result!
Image data: Date: 2021-03-25 Location: Graz, Austria Telescope: 10″ f/5 Newtonian with GPU corrector (1250mm focal length) Camera: QHY183M @ -20C Filters: Optolong RGB Guiding: MGEN-II with off-axis guider Exposures: 100x2s R, 100x2s G, 100x2s B
Saturday night, the sky was a spectacular sight. I had the chance to go out to one of my favorite places for observing. The sky was so full of stars – it was really a treat! A bit of “discomfort” posed the low temperatures, which were around -10C all night long.
As I arrived later than I hoped for, I immediately set my scope up. Scope and camera setup were up and ready for imaging soon. But then – a series of technical problems began. The scope did not fulfill GoTo commands properly. After solving this, the auto-guider could not calibrate well. I thought, it should be well enough. But upon inspecting the data back home, I had to discard more than 60% of the data due to elongated or totally ruined images. And finally, at around 2am my primary battery gave up (being only discharged 25%) due to the low temperatures. So I called it a night and went home.
The results I could gather are not as i was looking for. This is primarily due to the very low amound of data. But still, I add them here for the records…
Image data: Date: 2021-03-06 Location: Gaberl, Austria (RGB) + Graz, Austria (H-alpha) Telescope: 102mm f/7 APO with 0.79x flattener (equals to 564mm focal length) Camera: QHY183C @ -20C (RGB) + QHY183M @ -30C Filters: Baader UV-IR-Cut, Baader H-alpha Guiding: MGEN-II with off-axis guider Exposures: IC434: 24x300s H-alpha, 19x60s RGB M51: 19x60s RGB
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